Dominant Gene

Dominant Gene

The Three Human Types are classified according to:

  • Personality traits
  • Brain structure and function
  • Enterotype
  • Skeletal structure
  • Biometal & Vitamin assimilation
  • Predisposition and manifestation of type-specific disorders

The Three Human Types derive predominantly from differentiations in the brain structure of the limbic system and its surrounding or associated systems:

  • The endorhinal cortex and multisensory association cortex
  • The amygdala-cingulate gyrus and the prefrontal cortex
  • The hippocampus and the limbic association cortex

Each human Type inherits these differentiations from one of the parents and this genetic transfer determines the dominant gene. The dominant gene illustrates the origin of the genetic make up from the father or the mother. Thus the phylogenic-diversified brains (male or female) have different physiological characteristics and behaviour tendencies. The dominant gene of each human Type shows if an individual’s Type was inherited from his/her father or mother and it does not depend on the gender of the offspring. This explains why women demonstrate male behaviour and men maternal comportment.

So, although there are three Types that represent three different temperaments (A of action, B of anxiety, C of order – absolute), there are 12 characters, depending on whether they have inherited their Type from their father (ex. A – A Type from father) or his mother (ex. A – A Type from mother).

In a percentage of 99.9995%, when the birth order is first, third and fifth, the offspring demonstrates the same characteristic Type traits with its father. It is characterized by extroversion and rapid moves of the body (body action) and brings good effects in action. When the adolescent is second and forth in birth order the child has the same characteristic Type traits with its mother and it is characterized by introversion, fast thinking, and good result in management (thinking action).

The opposite happens rarely, in a percentage of 0.0005% of the cases (1 in 2,000).

Twin studies showed that only in 0.001% (1 in 1,000) the twins are identical and have the same personality Type, the same proneness to movements, the same behaviour tendencies and the same appearance.

Character Sex Type Dominant Gene
01 Man Α Father
02 Man Α Mother
03 Man Β Father
04 Man Β Mother
05 Man C Father
06 Man C Mother
07 Woman Α Father
08 Woman Α Mother
09 Woman Β Father
10 Woman Β Mother
11 Woman C Father
12 Woman C Mother

For example, if the father is of an A Type and the mother of a B Type, then the child to be born has the following possibilities:

  1. Either it will be an A Type from father (it will have inherited the Type from its father),
  2. Or it will be a B Type from mother (it will have inherited the Type from its mother).

In no case will it be a C Type, because none of the two parents belongs to this Type.

The dominant gene, inheritance, does not only explain us from which of our two parents we have inherited our Type, but it also informs us of our predisposition to specific diseases. We have the same sensitivity to diseases ONLY with the parent we have inherited our Type. If we are, for example, a C Type from mother, we and our mother have the same sensitivity to display the same health issues.

The dominant gene also determines how we manage our lives and relationships. When we have inherited our father’s dominant gene, the masculine element in our behaviour, our actions and our reactions, it is almost certain that, regardless of our Type, we tend to express ourselves in a more abrupt and irritable way. Our characteristics are extroversion, irritability and lack of diplomacy. When we have inherited our mother’s dominant gene, we generally express in a milder and sweet way. We are constantly trying to explain with speech, we are more introverted and with ease in dialogue and diplomacy.

Male and female dominant gene traits
Male Female
Action Management
Extroversion Introversion
Impatience Patience
Spontaneous movement Hesitant movement
Jitters in movement Indolence in movement
Fast body movement Slow body movement
Laconic, concision in speech Verbosity, speech analysis
When stressed reacts explosively without dialogue When stressed stays put and gets lost in dialogue
Restiveness and impulsivity without thought control Nervousness and intense dialogue with a lot of thought control
Avoids over thinking because he feels tortured Stays into thoughts and tortures himself
Transforms thought into action Transforms action into thought
Human Types and personality’s characteristics

Human Types and personality’s characteristics

A Type B Type C Type
  • Man of action
  • Spontaneous
  • Impatient
  • Self-confident in action
  • Panic reaction to stress
  • Presents nerves for present situations
  • Overcomes obstacles quickly, due to his irritability
  • Patient
  • Emotional
  • Prone to excuses
  • Careful in decision-making
  • Romantic
  • Self-control in action
  • Has intense parental feelings
  • Anxious for future situations
  • He reacts to stress with anxiety
  • Overpasses obstacles slowly, due to constant control
  • Hesitant
  • Passionate, extreme
  • Ambitious
  • Organized
  • Persistent
  • Revolutionist
  • Feels pain for past events
  • Afraid of been rejected
  • Reacts to stress first with panic and then he “sticks”.
The discovery of the three human Types

The discovery of the three human Types

George Paschalidis begun his research, in 2002, by interviewing and observing people with and without health issues, coming from different regions and ethnicities. More than 20,000 people were examined, of whom over 15,000 were patients. Furthermore, the first degree relatives of these participants were also studied, raising the specimen number to 140.000 people.

Through empirical evaluation initially and statistic scientific methodology (interview, observation and questionnaire), consequently, he was led to the conclusion that people ailing from the same diseases shared common personality traits, stress reactions and adjustability, processing of information and emotional regulation, which were reflecting the function of certain brain areas responsible for thought, behaviour and emotion.

Thus, the diseases manifested in people who presented the above mentioned common characteristics.

This classification showed him that there are three ways of responding to stimuli and three ways of emotional and cognitive processing, corresponding to different ways of brain function.

Through this study, he discovered the existence of three unique and clearly distinct Types of humans, which he named A, B and C. He mapped the characteristics of each Type and gradually developed the Tri-Anthropo-Type Paschalidis Model.

By analyzing the Model, he reveals to us our “blueprint”, and provides us with a detailed “instruction manual” of our organisms, a guide to well-being.

The three human Types originate from differentiations in the three brain sections of the limbic system, and their cooperating sections. These three areas of the limbic system where the differentiated cerebral function is located are the following:

  • The area including the temporal cortex, the occipital cortex, the orbitofrontal, the entorrhinal cortex, the coronary lobe and association cortex, with which A Type over-functions.
  • The area including the amygdala, the prefrontal cortex, the cingulate gyrus and parietal cortex, with which B Type over-functions.
  • The area including the hippocampus, gyrus parahippocampalis, the limbic cortex and multimodal association cortex, with which C Type over-functions.

G. Paschalidis developed a system of tools and methods of analysis, recognition and appreciation of the characteristics of each human Type and detection of biological and psychological markers for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The Paschalidis System of Empirically based Analysis, Identification and Assessment of the Three Human Personality Types and their biological and psychological Markers include the development of the following tools and methods:

  1. The Three Human Type Model Questionnaire (THUPETMQ)
  2. Global Assessment of Stress Response Inventory (GASRI)
  3. Stress Influence Scale (SIS)
  4. Disease Tables depending on the Human Personality Type
  5. Alphabetical List of Diseases and Personality Human Type
  6. Correlation Table of Stress Degree with Symptoms and Diseases
  7. The Form of Laboratory and Imaging studies (filled in per semester): Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Blood Tests, Electrocardiogram, Metal Testing
  8. Therapeutic Results of the Three Human Personality Type Model Rating Scale
  9. Nutritional Habits Questionnaire

G. Paschalidis collaborated with medical research groups, in order to verify The Three Human Types and to clarify the neurobiological, genetic and patho-physiological factors that determine the function of each Type.

Studies of more than 3,000 articles, review and synthesis of international literature on neuro-anatomy, neurobiology, neurochemistry, neuroendocrinology, neuro-genetic, neuro-immunology, neuro-gastroenterology, pathophysiology and psychiatry were the basis of the translational research that led to the confirmation of the Model of The Three Human Types. Research and translation of the data from the literature review have been supplemented with prospective studies of clinical and healthy groups, with case studies of specific disorders or symptoms and studies of groups with the same diseases.